BehindTheHate

Methodology

Methodology is a product feature, not an appendix. Every number on this site should be traceable to a source, a period, a license, and a scoring formula.

How to read a score

Each of the 17 hostility metrics is expressed on a 0 to 100 scale where 0 means rare or no records and 100 means severe, documented hostility. Scores come from one of two places:

  • Real sources: ingested from the sources below. Carry a small green “real” chip in the map sidebar and a full citation on the country profile page.
  • Seeded baselines: derived from regional templates and published research where a direct source has not yet been ingested. Clearly marked as placeholder and labeled as such in each country profile.

Scores are never used to rank countries. A difference of five points is within the noise floor of most underlying sources; a difference of twenty points is a signal worth investigating.

Sources currently ingested

The atlas currently draws real data from seven sources totaling 595 verified metric points across 160 countries. Each source below lists what it provides, how it maps to our metric grid, and the specific caveats readers should hold in mind.

Freedom in the World 2024

Freedom House · 2023 calendar year, published 2024

Source →

Coverage

86 countries

License

Freedom House, attribution required (CC BY-NC-SA)

Maps to

state opacity flagreporting confidence weight

Method

Aggregate 0 to 100 score combining political rights (out of 40) and civil liberties (out of 60). We classify Not Free / Partly Free / Free into state opacity levels of 0.8 / 0.4 / 0.0, which then inform the confidence tier for every other metric in that country.

Caveats

Freedom House measures institutional freedom, not affective polarization. A Free country can still be highly polarized. We do NOT use this as a direct score for any of the 17 hostility vectors; it informs the visibility and confidence layer only.

Social Institutions and Gender Index (SIGI) 2023

OECD Development Centre · 2023 edition

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Coverage

131 countries

License

OECD Terms and Conditions, attribution required

Maps to

Bias against women and girls

Method

SIGI measures discrimination against women and girls in social institutions across four dimensions: family, physical integrity, financial resources, and civil liberties. The 0 to 100 score aligns exactly with our hostility scale (higher is more hostile), so we apply a direct 1 to 1 mapping with no inversion or proxy conflation.

Caveats

SIGI focuses on institutional discrimination, not interpersonal or rhetorical hostility. Femicide rates and everyday harassment are not fully captured. Where survey data diverges from SIGI scores, both should be surfaced on future country pages.

State-Sponsored Homophobia 2024

ILGA World · 2024 edition

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Coverage

147 countries

License

ILGA World, attribution required

Maps to

Anti-LGBTQ+ bias

Method

A composite 0 to 100 score computed from ILGA's published flags: criminalization of same-sex activity, penalty severity (death / long prison / prison / prosecuted anyway / propaganda law), marriage or civil-union recognition, anti-discrimination law, gender recognition, conversion therapy ban. Criminalization with death penalty anchors near 98; full legal equality lands near 10.

Caveats

Legal status is a lagging indicator. A country with progressive laws can still have significant interpersonal violence, and a country with harsh laws may have informal community tolerance in specific urban contexts. The composite formula weights state-level hostility more heavily than interpersonal signal.

Hate Crime Statistics 2022

FBI Uniform Crime Reporting Program · 2022 calendar year, released October 2023

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Coverage

United States only (1 country)

License

Public Domain (US federal government work)

Maps to

Anti-Black biasAnti-Asian biasAntisemitismIslamophobiaAnti-LGBTQ+ bias

Method

Real incident counts from 14,631 participating law enforcement agencies: 3,419 anti-Black, 1,124 anti-Jewish, 2,416 sexual orientation / gender identity, 499 anti-Asian, 158 anti-Muslim. Converted to 0 to 100 scores using a log-scaled formula anchored to the highest observed category. Highest-fidelity real data on the site.

Caveats

FBI UCR systematically undercounts actual incidents. Agency participation is voluntary. Victims often do not report. Legal definitions vary. Anti-Muslim and anti-Asian counts in particular are widely considered undercounts by community organizations. We report the recorded number and surface the reporting-gap caveat.

V-Dem v14 Political Polarization (v2smpolsoc)

Varieties of Democracy Institute · 2023 observation year, v14 release

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Coverage

131 countries

License

V-Dem data, attribution required per license terms

Maps to

Political polarization

Method

V-Dem's v2smpolsoc indicator asks country experts: 'How polarized is society?' on a 0 to 4 scale where 0 is no polarization and 4 is serious and enduring divides on fundamental values. We apply a direct linear mapping (vdem * 25) to our 0 to 100 political-polarization metric. This is an honest mapping because v2smpolsoc specifically measures affective polarization and value-level divides, not institutional freedom.

Caveats

V-Dem is an expert-coded dataset, not a survey of citizens. Country experts may disagree on edge cases. The scale is ordinal rather than truly continuous, and the distance between 2.5 and 3.0 is not guaranteed to equal the distance between 3.0 and 3.5.

World Values Survey Wave 7 (neighbor tolerance)

World Values Survey Association · Wave 7 fieldwork, 2017-2022

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Coverage

90 countries

License

WVS Association, attribution required

Maps to

Bias against mixed marriages

Method

We use the WVS neighbor-tolerance question (would you mind having a neighbor of a different race) as a proxy for social distance toward mixed households. The country-level percentage that answers 'would not want' is rescaled from the empirical 0-50% range to our 0-100 hostility scale. Higher percentage maps to higher recorded hostility.

Caveats

Neighbor-tolerance questions are not a direct measure of interracial or interfaith marriage attitudes. They capture a broader social distance signal. Survey waves are not identical across countries. Some high-visibility countries have not fielded WVS Wave 7 yet.

Real Events Corpus 2024 (curated subset)

Multiple, per-event attribution · 2024 calendar year

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Coverage

11 countries, 100+ events

License

Aggregated with per-event source citations

Maps to

incident markers on the map

Method

A curated subset of real 2024 events drawn from ACLED Conflict Data, national human rights commissions, justice department announcements, Supreme Court dockets, and peer-reviewed media reporting. Every event has a real date, real geolocation, neutral trauma-informed description, and source citation. Events replace the seeded markers in per-country JSON files.

Caveats

Not a complete event feed. Coverage is 11 high-visibility countries; the other 182 countries still show seeded placeholder markers or none. This is a proof-of-pipeline rather than a comprehensive real-time incident tracker. ACLED API integration is the next step.

Metrics still on seeded baselines

Not every metric has a real source behind it yet. These 11 vectors currently use regional templates and deterministic seeding until the sources below are ingested. Nothing is hidden: every seeded metric is flagged as such in the map sidebar and the country profile.

  • Ethnic conflict in Africaneeds ACLED country-level aggregation
  • Anti-Indigenous biasneeds Indigenous Navigator / MRG aggregation
  • Anti-Roma biasneeds FRA EU Fundamental Rights survey data
  • Anti-migrant biasneeds IOM and UNHCR cross-tabulation
  • Class and caste biasneeds NCRB India + IDSN + Minorities at Risk aggregation
  • Ableism (anti-disability bias)needs World Bank Disability Data Initiative
  • Ageism and generational conflictneeds ESS + WVS age-cohort data
  • Sports rivalry violenceneeds UEFA + FIFA match-day incident archive
  • Online subculture harassmentneeds ADL HEAT + Civic Signal digital harassment data

Confidence and visibility

Confidence is distinct from hostility. A country with high reporting confidence may have high or low recorded hostility. A country with low reporting confidence is often a place where independent reporting is difficult, not a place where everyone gets along.

We derive visibility from the Freedom House state-opacity flag (Not Free lowers confidence) plus source count and source family diversity. Countries that refuse to cooperate with international monitors are visualized with a cross-hatch data-void pattern on the map; that silence is a measurable signal, not a gap to fill with assumptions.

Preserving contradictions

When official crime statistics show low hate-crime rates but survey data shows high experienced discrimination, we surface both perspectives with context about underreporting and definitional differences. We never flatten complexity to produce a simpler narrative.

For the United States: the FBI UCR 2022 report shows 11,634 single and multi-bias incidents, but community organizations have consistently documented much higher totals. The FBI number is what we have; the gap is what you should see.

What this site does not do

  • ×Predict what a specific person believes
  • ×Rank countries or groups as “most hateful” without context
  • ×Use gamified scoring on painful material
  • ×Present harm without linking to bridges and reform stories
  • ×Claim to have real data where we have only seeded baselines